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This report provides a feasibility study of Lactic Acid production from raw sugar in Germany using a fermentation process. This process is similar to Cargill process. Raw sugar is initially hydrolyzed into glucose and fructose (invert sugars), which are fermented to Lactic Acid. In this case, Lactic Acid is recovered by means of trialkylamine solvent extraction in the presence of carbon dioxide.
This study provides the economics of Lactic Acid production from raw sugar using a fermentation process in Germany. This process is similar to Corbion process, in which Lactic Acid is recovered by acidification and purified by the use of a solvent.
This study provides a techno-economic analysis of Lactic Acid production from raw sugar in Germany using a low pH fermentation process. In this process, raw sugar is initially hydrolyzed into glucose and fructose (invert sugars), which are then fermented to produce Lactic Acid.
This report presents the economics of Lactic Acid production from raw sugar using a speculative, continuous, low pH, fermentation process in Germany. In this process, raw sugar is fermented to produce Lactic Acid, which is recovered from the fermentation broth through microfiltration and nanofiltration steps, generating an 80 wt% Technical Grade Lactic Acid, with 95 wt% purity.
This study approaches the economics of Lactic Acid production from corn in the United States. Initially, shelled corn is passed through a wet milling process to form corn starch, which is hydrolyzed to dextrose. Then, dextrose is fermented into Lactic Acid, which is further recovered by acidification and purified by the use of a solvent.
This report provides an economic analysis of Lactic Acid production from lactose via a fermentation process in the United States. Lactic Acid purification is carried out using ion exchange resins and product concentration is accomplished by reverse osmosis and evaporation.
This report approaches the economics of producing Lactide from lactic acid in the United States. This process can be divided into two mains steps. First, lactic acid is polymerized into low molecular weight oligomers. Subsequently, the oligomers depolymerize generating Lactide, which is further purified to remove water and unreacted lactic acid and oligomers.
This report presents the economics of Laurolactam production from cyclododecane in the United States. Initially, cyclododecane is oxidized to cyclododecanol. Subsequently, the cyclododecanol obtained is dehydrogenated to cyclododecanone. Then, the cyclododecanone is submitted to an oximation reaction with hydroxylamine. Finally, the cyclododecanone oxime produced is converted to laurolactam by Beckmann rearrangement.
This report concerns the production of Laurolactam from cyclododecane in the United States. This report reviews a photonitrozation process similar to the one owned by Arkema. Initially, cyclododecane is submitted to PNC with nitrosyl chloride. The oxime produced is then subjected to Beckmann rearrangement and laurolactam is formed.
This report presents the economics of Laurolactam production from cyclododecanone. The process examined involves the oximation of cyclododecanone raw material and the subsequent rearrengement of the cyclododecanone oxime formed to yield Laurolactam. The economic analysis performed assumes a plant located in the United States.
This report analyses the economics of a typical Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) production process from polymer grade (PG) ethylene in the United States. The process examined in this report is a high-pressure autoclave process.
This report presents the economics of a typical Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) production process from polymer grade (PG) ethylene in the United States, using a high-pressure tubular polymerization process.
This report presents the economics of a Linear Alkylbenzene (LAB) production process from C10-C13 n-paraffins and benzene in the United States, via a typical hydrogenation/alkylation process. In the process examined, the C10-C13 n-paraffins are dehydrogenated to their respectives olefins, which are further alkylated with benzene to produce LAB.
This report presents the economics of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate (LAS) production from linear alkylbenzene (LAB) and oleum (10-25% sulfur trioxide in sulfuric acid) in the United States, via a conventional sulfonation process. Sulfur trioxide is the sulfonating agent and the primary product is the para-alkylbenzene sulfonic acid, which is further neutralized.
This report analyses the economics of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate (LAS) production from linear alkylbenzene (LAB) and sulfur in the United States, via a conventional sulfonation process. In this process, elemental sulfur is burned, yielding sulfur dioxide, which is then oxidated with dry air to produce sulfur trioxide, the sulfonating agent. The primary product is the para-alkylbenzene sulfonic acid, which is further neutralized.
This report analyzes the economics of a process for the production of Liquid Aluminum Chlorohydrate from metallic aluminum in the United States. The economic analysis targets the production of Aluminum Chlorohydrate having 23-24 wt% of aluminum as aluminum oxide (Al2O3).
This report presents the economics of Liquid and Solid Epoxy Resins production from epichlorohydrin and bisphenol A (BPA) considering a United States-based facility. In this process, epichlorohydrin and BPA are reacted in the presence of an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution to form Liquid Epoxy Resin. The resulting resin is purified and further reacted with BPA to produce the Solid Epoxy Resin. Part of the Liquid Epoxy Resin obtained is also sold as co-product.
In this report, epichlorohydrin and bisphenol A (BPA) are used in the production of Liquid Epoxy Resin (LER) only. The economic analysis considers a plant located in the United States. Epichlorohydrin and BPA are reacted in the presence of an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution to form Liquid Epoxy Resin.
This report concerns the economics of 2,5-Furandicarboxylic Acid (FDCA) production via hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) oxidation. The FDCA generated in this reaction is recovered in liquid form via high temperature distillation. The economic analysis is also based on a plant located in the United States.
This report presents the economics of Liquid Sodium Silicate solution production from silica and sodium carbonate in the United States via a typical thermal route. A Liqiuid Sodium Silicate solution (containing 35 wt% of sodium silicate) is obtained as the final product.
This report examines the costs related to Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) production from polymer grade (PG) ethylene and 1-butene in the United States. The process examined in this report is a solution process similar to NOVA Chemicals SCLAIRTECH. The polymerization is carried out in a tubular reactor and a CSTR reactor.
This report presents the economics of Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) production from polymer grade (PG) ethylene and 1-butene in the United States. The process examined in this report is similar to LyondellBasell Spherilene S. It comprises a small loop reactor for catalyst activation before the main reaction loop with fluid-bed reactor. Residual hydrocarbons are stripped from the product by nitrogen.
This study presents the economics of Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) production from polymer grade (PG) ethylene and 1-octene in the United States. The process examined in this report is similar to NOVA Chemicals Advanced SCLAIRTECH. This process is carried out in two CSTR operating in series.
This report presents the economics of Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) production from polymer grade (PG) ethylene and 1-octene in the United States. The process examined in this report is similar to Dow DOWLEX. In this technology, the polymerization is carried out in two CSTR reactors operating in series.
This report presents the economics of Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) production from polymer grade (PG) ethylene and 1-octene comonomer in the United States, using a solution process similar to NOVA Chemicals SCLAIRTECH. This process uses a tubular reactor and a CSTR operating in series.
This study presents the economics of Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) production from polymer grade (PG) ethylene and 1-butene in the United States, using a gas phase process similar to Univation UNIPOL and INEOS INNOVENE. This technology comprises a reaction loop consisting of a fluidized-bed reactor, a compressor and a heat exchanger. Residual hydrocarbons are removed from the product by a propane stream.
This report examines the costs related to Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) production from polymer grade (PG) ethylene and 1-hexene in the United States, using a slurry process similar to Chevron Phillips MarTECH. In this technology, ethylene is polymerized in combination with 1-hexene in a slurry loop reactor.
It presents the economics of Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) production from polymer grade (PG) ethylene and 1-hexene in the United States. This report examines a gas phase process similar to Univation UNIPOL and INEOS INNOVENE. The system comprises a fluidized-bed reactor, compressor and heat exchanger.
This report targets SBR Latex production in the United States via a typical cold emulsion polymerization process. The main product generated is a low solids content SBR Latex with high styrene content.
This report presents the economics of Low Viscosity Silicone Fluid production in the United States. The assessment concerns a plant producing Polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS) by polycondensation of linear siloxanes, using hexamethyldichlorosiloxane for molecular weight control. The linear siloxanes are produced by hydrolysis of dimethylchlorosilane. The plant also produces cyclic siloxanes and hydrogen chloride as by-products.
This study presents an economic analysis for a process similar to UOP's Sorbex technology for m-Xylene recovery from mixed xylenes considering a plant located in the United States. In this process, m-Xylene is recovered from a mixture of C8 aromatics via an adsorptive separation.
This report analyses the economics of a Magnesium Sulfate production process from magnesium carbonate and sulfuric acid in the United States. In this process, magnesium carbonate is treated with sulfuric acid, yielding magnesium sulfate,
This feasibility study presents an analysis of Maleic Anhydride production from n-butane in the United States using a process similar to the one developed by Huntsman. In this process, maleic anhydride is produced by the partial oxidation reaction of n-butane with oxygen carried out in a fixed-bed reactor, using a vanadium–phosphorus oxide (VPO) catalyst supported on silica. The reactor effluent is directed to a solvent-based recovery system for Maleic Anhydride separation.
This study presents an economic analysis of Maleic Anhydride production from n-butane in the United States using a process similar to the one developed by Scientific Design. In this process, Maleic Anhydride is produced by the partial oxidation reaction of n-butane with oxygen carried out in two fixed-bed reactors, using vanadium–phosphorus oxide (VPO) catalyst supported on silica. The Maleic Anhydride formed is recovered in an aqueous-based system.
This study provides a techno-economic analysis of a process for Maleic Anhydride production from benzene in the United States. This process highlights a benzene oxidation to maleic anhydride in a fixed-bed reactor combined with an aqueous-based recovery system.
This report provides the economics of a process similar to CB&I Lummus ALMA for Maleic Anhydride production from n-butane in the United States. The process examined in this report uses a fluid bed reactor. In this case, the recovery system is solvent-based. This process is similar to Lummus ALMA.
This study reviews the economics of a process for Maleic Anhydride production from butenes. In the process examined, Maleic Anhydride is produced by the oxidation of n-butenes with air in a fluidized-bed reactor. The economic analysis performed is based on a plant constructed in the United States.
This report presents the economics of Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate (MDI) production from aniline and formaldehyde using a typical oxidative carbonylation process located in the USA. In this process, aniline undergoes oxidative carbonylation to give ethyl phenylcarbamate (EPC). Then, the EPC reacts with formaldehyde to form diphenylene diurethane (MDU). Finally, MDU is thermally decomposed to MDI.
This study presents the costs associated with the construction of a plant producing MDI from aniline and formaldehyde in the USA. In this study aniline reacts with formaldehyde to form a mixture of diphenyl methane diamine and polymeric amines. Then, this mixture reacts with phosgene to produce MDI and polymeric MDI. The phosgene used is generated from chlorine in an on-site unit.
This report presents the economics of Medium-Purity Terephthalic Acid (MTA) production. The analysis is based on a plant located in the United States starting from p-xylene using a typical catalytic oxidation process. In this process, p-xylene is oxidized to terephthalic acid (TPA). Then, the TPA is crystallized and recovered from the liquor and MTA is obtained as the final product.