Commodity Production Costs Report
Hydroxymethylfurfural Production
Hydroxymethylfurfural Operating Costs & Plant Construction Costs
This report presents the economics of Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) production from glucose syrup. In the process examined, glucose is enzymatically isomerized into fructose. It is then dehydrated in the presence of n-butanol, yielding HMF. The economic analysis performed assumes a plant located in the United States.
The report provides a comprehensive study of Hydroxymethylfurfural production and related Hydroxymethylfurfural production cost, covering three key aspects: a complete description of the Hydroxymethylfurfural production process examined; an in-depth analysis of the related Hydroxymethylfurfural plant capital cost (Capex); and an evaluation of the respective Hydroxymethylfurfural plant operating costs (Opex).
The Hydroxymethylfurfural production process description includes a block flow diagram (BFD), an overview of the industrial site installations, detailing both the process unit and the necessary infrastructure, process consumption figures and comprehensive process flow diagrams (PFD). The Hydroxymethylfurfural plant capital cost analysis breaks down the Capex by plant cost (i.e., ISBL, OSBL and Contingency); owner's cost; working capital; and costs incurred during industrial plant commissioning and start-up. The Hydroxymethylfurfural plant operating costs analysis covers operating expenses, including variable costs like raw materials and utilities, and fixed costs such as maintenance, labor, and depreciation.
Key reference(s): ?
The process under analysis comprises four major steps: (1) Glucose isomerization; (2) HMF production; (3) HMF purification; and (4) levulinic acid purification.
Glucose isomerization. The glucose feed is first isomerized to fructose. The isomerization reactor effluent is passed through an evaporator and then through ion-exchange resins, to separate unreacted glucose from the fructose. The former is recycled to the isomerization reactor and the latter is sent to the biphasic reactor.
HMF production. The fructose produced is fed to the biphasic reactor, in which it is dehydrated to HMF in the presence of hydrochloric acid. To prevent HMF hydrolyses to levulinic and formic acids, the dehydration is carried out in the presence n-butanol, which forms an organic layer (biphasic system) into which the HMF formed is continuously extracted.
HMF purification. The organic layer containing the HMF product is distilled, for the removal of butanol, water, formic acid and residual HCl as distillate. This mixture is further distilled for the recovery of butanol, while the stream containing the HMF is then passed through decanters, where it is purified from water, levulinic acid and fructose. Finally, the crude HMF stream is purified from butanol and water by passing through a flash vessel and a distillation column, yielding a high-purity HMF stream.
Levulinic acid purification. The aqueous layer (water, levulinic acid and fructose), is fed to a column in which water is stripped off from the mixture and recycled. The resulting mixture is passed through an evaporator, for the recovery of residual fructose, and then through a distillation column, for the separation of levulinic acid byproduct and butanol.
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Content Highlights
Plant Capital Cost Summary
Summary outlining the capital cost required for building the Hydroxymethylfurfural production plant examined.
Plant Capital Cost Details
Detailing of fixed capital (ISBL, OSBL & Owner’s Cost), working capital and additional capital requirements.
Plant Cost Breakdowns
Breakdown of Hydroxymethylfurfural process unit (ISBL) costs and infrastructure (OSBL) costs; plant cost breakdown per discipline.
Operating Costs Summary
Summary presenting the operating variable costs and the total operating cost of the Hydroxymethylfurfural production plant studied.
Operating Cost Details
Detailing of utilities costs, operating fixed costs and depreciation.
Plant Capacity Assessment
Comparative analysis of capital investment and operating costs for different Hydroxymethylfurfural plant capacities.
Production Process Information
Block Flow Diagram, descriptions of process unit (ISBL) and site infrastructure (OSBL).
Process Consumptions
Raw materials and utilities consumption figures, by-products credits, labor requirements
Process Diagrams
Process flow diagrams (PFD), equipment list and industrial site configuration
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