Diammonium Phosphate from Phosphoric Acid and Ammonia
Diammonium Phosphate Production Costs Report | Issue A | Q3 2024
Report Details |
850 kta United States-based plant | Q3 2024 | 107 pages |
This report presents a cost analysis of a 850 kta (kilo metric ton per annum) United States-based plant. You can add a customized cost analysis, assuming another location (country), when ordering a premium edition of this report.
Report Abstract
This feasibility study shows the economics of Diammonium Phosphate (DAP formulation 18-46-0) production from phosphoric acid and ammonia via an ammoniation-granulation process. The reaction occurs in a sequence of pre-neutralizer, pipe-reactor and granulator. The economic analysis presented is based on a plant constructed in the United States.
The report provides a comprehensive study of Diammonium Phosphate production and related Diammonium Phosphate production cost, covering three key aspects: a complete description of the Diammonium Phosphate production process examined; an in-depth analysis of the related Diammonium Phosphate plant capital cost (Capex); and an evaluation of the respective Diammonium Phosphate plant operating costs (Opex).
The Diammonium Phosphate production process description includes a block flow diagram (BFD), an overview of the industrial site installations, detailing both the process unit and the necessary infrastructure, process consumption figures and comprehensive process flow diagrams (PFD). The Diammonium Phosphate plant capital cost analysis breaks down the Capex by plant cost (i.e., ISBL, OSBL and Contingency); owner's cost; working capital; and costs incurred during industrial plant commissioning and start-up. The Diammonium Phosphate plant operating costs analysis covers operating expenses, including variable costs like raw materials and utilities, and fixed costs such as maintenance, labor, and depreciation.
Process Schematic

The process under analysis comprises three major sections: (1) Ammoniation-granulation; (2) Drying, cooling and sizing; and (3) Scrubbers.
Ammoniation-granulation. Initially, phosphoric acid, gaseous ammonia, and scrubber liquor are directed to the pre-neutralizer reactor. The main goal of the pre-neutralization is to form an ammonium phosphate slurry to be sent to the pipe reactor downstream, in order to reduce the amount of water vaporized during granulation. From the pre-neutralizer, the ammonium phosphate slurry is fed to the pipe-reactor, along with additional phosphoric acid and gaseous ammonia. The pipe-reactor is a horizontal reaction tube, mounted inside a drum – the granulator’s drum. The reaction mixture from the pipe-reactor is sprayed onto the rolling bed of a rotary ammoniator-granulator - the granulator. The slurry then reacts with additional liquid ammonia and recycled solids from sizing and crushing area.
Drying, cooling and sizing. The diammonium phosphate granules formed in the granulator are dried with moderate heat at about 85°C. At this temperature range, the wet fertilizer entering in the concurrent rotary dryer is not damaged by the hot air. The dried DAP granules are then distributed over screens to separate onsize material from the oversize and undersize material. The undersize material is recycled to the granulator. The oversize material is sent to chain mills, where it is crushed and then recycled along with the undersize material. The sized granules are subsequently cooled in a fluidized bed cooler. Finally, DAP granules are packed in bags and stored in warehouses.
Scrubbers. A scrubbing circuit comprising four scrubbers recovers the unabsorbed ammonia gases from pre-neutralizer, granulator, dryer, and cooler. Phosphoric acid solutions are used in the scrubbers. The scrubber liquor containing the recovered ammonia is recycled to the pre-neutralizer.
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Production Process Information
Process Consumptions
Labor Requirements
Plant Capital Cost Summary
Operating Cost Summary
Production Costs Datasheet
Plant Capital Cost Details
Operating Cost Details
Plant Cost Breakdowns
Plant Capacity Assessment
Process Flow Diagrams
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Content Highlights
Plant Capital Cost Summary
Summary outlining the capital cost required for building the Diammonium Phosphate production plant examined
Plant Capital Cost Details
Detailing of fixed capital (ISBL, OSBL & Owner’s Cost), working capital and additional capital requirements
Plant Cost Breakdowns
Breakdown of Diammonium Phosphate process unit (ISBL) costs and infrastructure (OSBL) costs; plant cost breakdown per discipline
Operating Costs Summary
Summary presenting the operating variable costs and the total operating cost of the Diammonium Phosphate production plant studied
Operating Cost Details
Detailing of utilities costs, operating fixed costs and depreciation
Plant Capacity Assessment
Comparative analysis of capital investment and operating costs for different Diammonium Phosphate plant capacities
Production Process Information
Block Flow Diagram, descriptions of process unit (ISBL) and site infrastructure (OSBL)
Process Consumptions
Raw materials and utilities consumption figures, by-products credits, labor requirements
Process Diagrams
Process flow diagrams (PFD), equipment list and industrial site configuration
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