Commodity Production Costs Report
Chromium(III) Oxide Production
Chromium Oxide Operating Costs & Plant Construction Costs
This report presents the economics of Chromium(III) Oxide production from sodium dichromate and sulfur in the United States, via a typical reduction process. In the process, a mixture of sodium dichromate and sulfur are burned in a furnace, producing Chromium(III) Oxide and sodium sulfate.
The report provides a comprehensive study of Chromium Oxide production and related Chromium Oxide production cost, covering three key aspects: a complete description of the Chromium Oxide production process examined; an in-depth analysis of the related Chromium Oxide plant capital cost (Capex); and an evaluation of the respective Chromium Oxide plant operating costs (Opex).
The Chromium Oxide production process description includes a block flow diagram (BFD), an overview of the industrial site installations, detailing both the process unit and the necessary infrastructure, process consumption figures and comprehensive process flow diagrams (PFD). The Chromium Oxide plant capital cost analysis breaks down the Capex by plant cost (i.e., ISBL, OSBL and Contingency); owner's cost; working capital; and costs incurred during industrial plant commissioning and start-up. The Chromium Oxide plant operating costs analysis covers operating expenses, including variable costs like raw materials and utilities, and fixed costs such as maintenance, labor, and depreciation.
Key reference(s): ?
Product
Chromium Oxide. Chromium Oxide (a.k.a. Chromium(III) Oxide) is an inorganic compound, one of most important oxides of chromium, as the +3 oxidation state is the most stable of chromium. It occurs naturally as the mineral eskolaite, and appears as a green, hard, and brittle material, not readily attacked by acids. The production of commercial Chromium Oxide carried out the reduction of an alkali dichromate in a self-sustaining dry reaction by a reducing agent such as sulfur, carbon, starch, wood flour, or ammonium chloride. Chromium Oxide is used in paints, inks, glasses, and even to colouring cements, due to its stability to alkalies.
Raw Materials
Sulfur. Sulfur is an abundant, multivalent non-metal of great importance in the chemical industry. It is a key raw material, mainly used in the form of Sulfuric Acid and sulfur dioxide. In its elemental form, sulfur is used in the production of carbon disulfide, rubber, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. Elemental sulfur can be produced from a variety of sources, and through a number of different techniques. It is frequently obtained as by-product from petroleum refining, natural gas processing and coking plants, for instance.
Sodium Dichromate. Sodium dichromate is a powerful oxidizing agent used in chromium plating, pigment production, and leather tanning. It is also utilized in organic synthesis to oxidize alcohols to aldehydes and ketones. Produced from chromite ore and sodium carbonate, it is stored as orange-red crystals. Its role in industrial processes like corrosion protection and textile dyeing has widespread applications, though it is highly toxic and must be handled with care.
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Professional report based on Q3 2024 economic data, ensuring timely evaluations.
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Content Highlights
Plant Capital Cost Summary
Summary outlining the capital cost required for building the Chromium Oxide production plant examined.
Plant Capital Cost Details
Detailing of fixed capital (ISBL, OSBL & Owner’s Cost), working capital and additional capital requirements.
Plant Cost Breakdowns
Breakdown of Chromium Oxide process unit (ISBL) costs and infrastructure (OSBL) costs; plant cost breakdown per discipline.
Operating Costs Summary
Summary presenting the operating variable costs and the total operating cost of the Chromium Oxide production plant studied.
Operating Cost Details
Detailing of utilities costs, operating fixed costs and depreciation.
Plant Capacity Assessment
Comparative analysis of capital investment and operating costs for different Chromium Oxide plant capacities.
Production Process Information
Block Flow Diagram, descriptions of process unit (ISBL) and site infrastructure (OSBL).
Process Consumptions
Raw materials and utilities consumption figures, by-products credits, labor requirements
Process Diagrams
Process flow diagrams (PFD), equipment list and industrial site configuration
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