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Ammonia
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Ammonia
Ammonia
Ammonia
NH3

About Ammonia. Ammonia (a.k.a. NH3) is a colorless gas at atmospheric temperature with a known pungent smell. Although ammonia is naturally in the gas form, it can be liquefied at ambient temperature under moderate pressures and it also is highly soluble in water. Ammonia also stands as one of the foremost synthetic chemicals with production taking place in over 80 countries. This significant manufacturing process not only addressed a pivotal challenge in ensuring the world's food supply through fertilizer production but also introduced a new era in industrial chemistry. Furthermore, it laid the groundwork for subsequent high-pressure processes such as methanol synthesis, oxo synthesis, Fischer-Tropsch Process, coal liquefaction, and Reppe reactions.

The production of ammonia primarily involves the reaction between nitrogen and hydrogen, with a stoichiometric ratio of 1:3. Various production routes for ammonia are closely tied to hydrogen production methods, with steam reforming being the predominant approach. Common hydrocarbon feeds used in this process include naphtha and natural gas. Naturally, the decision on feedstock and process technology is dictated by economics and availability. Presently, natural gas serves as the primary feedstock for most existing steam reforming plants, as well as for the construction of new ones. It is important to highlight that the production of ammonia through steam reforming of natural gas is a relatively clean operation, posing minimal environmental concerns. However, the use of heavy feedstocks raises additional environmental issues, particularly related to particulate emissions resulting from the handling of solid feeds.

Most part of the yearly ammonia production is devoted to fertilizer manufacturing, with the majority of the remaining percentage utilized in the production of various other chemicals. Liquid ammonia has garnered extensive research interest as a non-aqueous ionizing solvent mainly due to its capability to dissolve alkali metals and alkaline earth metals (except beryllium), resulting in the formation of vividly colored and electrically conductive solutions comprising solvated electrons. These solutions prove highly valuable as potent reducing agents, exhibiting strong efficacy in diverse chemical processes. Moreover, ammonia serves as a direct or indirect precursor to the majority of nitrogen-containing compounds. Virtually all synthetic nitrogen compounds trace their origins back to ammonia, showcasing its importance in chemical synthesis. Ammonia also finds utility in various secondary roles. It can be employed as a hydrogen carrier, a refrigerant fluid, and a gas scrubber. Additionally, ammonia plays a significant role in the textile industry, where it is utilized in the treatment of cotton materials.

Ammonia, with its boiling point at -33 °C under atmospheric pressure, necessitates storage in refrigerated tanks to maintain its liquid state. To design and build an Ammonia storage system, a layer of protection analysis (LOPA) study should be done to guarantee several instrumented functions in the facility. For transportation purposes, Ammonia is typically conveyed over long distances via barge, pipeline, and rail, while shorter distances are covered by truck. Anhydrous Ammonia can be transported using cylindrical steel bottles and pressurized flasks with capacities ranging from 20 to 200 kg. Aqueous Ammonia, on the other hand, can be carried in polyethylene canisters and metal casks. Transportation of ammonia also involves the utilization of trucks and rail cars with capacities of up to 100 m3, as well as ships and river barges. Additionally, a significant portion of ammonia production is transported through pipeline systems, as it proves to be a more cost-effective option for long distances compared to barge or rail transport.

Since it was developed by Fritz Haber and Carl Bosch, the catalytic synthesis of Ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen has not been significantly changed, in such a way that different Ammonia manufacturing routes are related to different sources of such elements (mostly hydrogen, which is typically produced via steam reforming). Raw materials and the respective production processes employed in the manufacturing of Ammonia are listed below.

  • Naphtha/natural gas (steam reforming of light hydrocarbons),
  • Coal, petroleum coke, petroleum resids (partial oxidation of carbon source),
  • Synthesis gas + water + air (Haber-Bosch process)

The uses and applications of Ammonia may vary according to its specification. The main forms of Ammonia are commercial or fertilizer grade (99.5% minimum purity, maximum water content of 5,000 ppm); refrigeration grade (99.98% minimum purity, maximum content of 150 ppm); and metallurgical grade (99.99% minimum purity, maximum water content of 33 ppm).

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See 7 monthly Ammonia price assessments covering 7 locations: United States, South America, Europe, Southeast Asia, Northeast Asia, Middle East and Africa. Also check Ammonia price history since 2007 and forecasts. The chart below is a sample of Intratec Primary Commodity Prices - subscribe now and gain access to current prices of 226 commodities, including Ammonia.

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Data Legend. The Ammonia price chart shows the prices in USA Dollar per metric ton (USD/mt) as follows:

  • US: Ammonia, United States, transaction, cif
  • SAM: Ammonia, South America, transaction, cif, Brazil
  • EUR: Ammonia, Europe, spot, cfr, Northwest Europe
  • SEA: Ammonia, Southeast Asia, transaction, cif, India, netback fob Middle East
  • NEA: Ammonia, Northeast Asia, spot, fob, Russia, netback cfr Belgium
  • MDE: Ammonia, Middle East, spot, fob, Saudi Arabia
  • AFR: Ammonia, Africa, transaction, cif, Morocco

Data Use. Ammonia prices are provided as an annual subscription where subscribers have access to reliable pricing data of 226 commodities worldwide. To better understand data provided by Intratec Primary Commodity Prices, check the following documents: Price Assessment Basis , Commodities Specifications , Methodology , User Guide , and Glossary .

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Price Dynamics. The Ammonia price in United States decreased during December 2018 to 354 USD per metric ton, which represents a decline of 5% compared to the previous month’s value. On a year-over-year basis, Ammonia prices in United States increased by 5%. Meanwhile, in Belgium, the average price of Ammonia amounted to 356 USD per metric ton, from 298 USD per metric ton one year earlier. On a month-over-month basis, the Ammonia price in Belgium is 14% lower than the price one month before.

The price of Ammonia in Russia rose considerably throughout December 2018, reaching 325 USD per metric ton.  The price in Russia is 12% higher than the average price in the previous month and 51% higher than the average price one year before. In contrast, Ammonia prices in India decreased modestly during December 2018, reaching 379 USD per metric ton, which means a decline of 4% from the previous month’s price and a rise of 6% from the previous year’s price. 

The Ammonia prices in Saudi Arabia experienced a modest decline of 11 USD per metric ton from the prior month's price, to 378 USD per metric ton. Such price movement in Saudi Arabia meant a decrease of 3% on a monthly basis and a rise of 6% on a yearly basis. On the other hand, in December 2018, the Ammonia price in Brazil was flat when compared against the previous month's price. The December 2018 price in Brazil is 11% higher than the price one year before. 

In Morocco, the average price of Ammonia was 339 USD per metric ton on December 2018 – a little increase of 3 USD per metric ton, or 0.9%, compared with the previous month. On a year-over-year basis, the Ammonia price in Morocco is 11% higher than the price one year before.

About Ammonia. Ammonia (a.k.a. NH3) is a colorless gas at atmospheric temperature with a known pungent smell. Although ammonia is naturally in the gas form, it can be liquefied at ambient temperature under moderate pressures and it also is highly soluble in water. Ammonia also stands as one of the foremost synthetic chemicals with production taking place in over 80 countries. This significant manufacturing process not only addressed a pivotal challenge in ensuring the world's food supply through fertilizer production but also introduced a new era in industrial chemistry. Furthermore, it laid the groundwork for subsequent high-pressure processes such as methanol synthesis, oxo synthesis, Fischer-Tropsch Process, coal liquefaction, and Reppe reactions.

The production of ammonia primarily involves the reaction between nitrogen and hydrogen, with a stoichiometric ratio of 1:3. Various production routes for ammonia are closely tied to hydrogen production methods, with steam reforming being the predominant approach. Common hydrocarbon feeds used in this process include naphtha and natural gas. Naturally, the decision on feedstock and process technology is dictated by economics and availability. Presently, natural gas serves as the primary feedstock for most existing steam reforming plants, as well as for the construction of new ones. It is important to highlight that the production of ammonia through steam reforming of natural gas is a relatively clean operation, posing minimal environmental concerns. However, the use of heavy feedstocks raises additional environmental issues, particularly related to particulate emissions resulting from the handling of solid feeds.

Most part of the yearly ammonia production is devoted to fertilizer manufacturing, with the majority of the remaining percentage utilized in the production of various other chemicals. Liquid ammonia has garnered extensive research interest as a non-aqueous ionizing solvent mainly due to its capability to dissolve alkali metals and alkaline earth metals (except beryllium), resulting in the formation of vividly colored and electrically conductive solutions comprising solvated electrons. These solutions prove highly valuable as potent reducing agents, exhibiting strong efficacy in diverse chemical processes. Moreover, ammonia serves as a direct or indirect precursor to the majority of nitrogen-containing compounds. Virtually all synthetic nitrogen compounds trace their origins back to ammonia, showcasing its importance in chemical synthesis. Ammonia also finds utility in various secondary roles. It can be employed as a hydrogen carrier, a refrigerant fluid, and a gas scrubber. Additionally, ammonia plays a significant role in the textile industry, where it is utilized in the treatment of cotton materials.

Ammonia, with its boiling point at -33 °C under atmospheric pressure, necessitates storage in refrigerated tanks to maintain its liquid state. To design and build an Ammonia storage system, a layer of protection analysis (LOPA) study should be done to guarantee several instrumented functions in the facility. For transportation purposes, Ammonia is typically conveyed over long distances via barge, pipeline, and rail, while shorter distances are covered by truck. Anhydrous Ammonia can be transported using cylindrical steel bottles and pressurized flasks with capacities ranging from 20 to 200 kg. Aqueous Ammonia, on the other hand, can be carried in polyethylene canisters and metal casks. Transportation of ammonia also involves the utilization of trucks and rail cars with capacities of up to 100 m3, as well as ships and river barges. Additionally, a significant portion of ammonia production is transported through pipeline systems, as it proves to be a more cost-effective option for long distances compared to barge or rail transport.

Since it was developed by Fritz Haber and Carl Bosch, the catalytic synthesis of Ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen has not been significantly changed, in such a way that different Ammonia manufacturing routes are related to different sources of such elements (mostly hydrogen, which is typically produced via steam reforming). Raw materials and the respective production processes employed in the manufacturing of Ammonia are listed below.

  • Naphtha/natural gas (steam reforming of light hydrocarbons),
  • Coal, petroleum coke, petroleum resids (partial oxidation of carbon source),
  • Synthesis gas + water + air (Haber-Bosch process)

The uses and applications of Ammonia may vary according to its specification. The main forms of Ammonia are commercial or fertilizer grade (99.5% minimum purity, maximum water content of 5,000 ppm); refrigeration grade (99.98% minimum purity, maximum content of 150 ppm); and metallurgical grade (99.99% minimum purity, maximum water content of 33 ppm).

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