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Released Publications
Our publications were actually consulting assignments ordered by our clients, leading companies in the chemical and allied sectors. Upon our client’s consent, we are glad to disclose such assignments to our readership.
These publications result from the innovative Consulting as Publications concept, which allows any interested reader to obtain unprecedented access to real feasibility studies, emerging technology evaluations and conceptual process designs at steep discounts.
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Research Potential: Green Ethylene from Ethanol +
Rising oil prices and global concerns about sustainability and global warming have motivated research into ethylene manufacture from renewable sources. This report reviews the production of ethylene from ethanol dehydration in a process based on the patent published by BP Chemicals. It is presented a technical and economic evaluation of a unit located in the US Gulf Coast. In addition, a sensitivity analysis was performed in which the effects of variations in prices and technical parameters on the investment and the operating costs were studied. Green ethylene must be sold with an increased premium over fossil-based ethylene of about 50% in order to make the investment attractive. See more ...
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Technology Economics: Propylene Production via Propane Dehydrogenation, Part 3 +
The tight propylene market contributed to the rising of new and novel lower-cost chemical processes for on-purpose propylene production technologies, like the Propane Dehydrogenation (PDH) technology. This report analyzes the a PDH process similar to the STAR process licensed by Krupp-Uhde. It is presented a technical and economic evaluation of a unit located in the US Gulf Coast, both capital investments and operating costs are also presented for a plant located in China. While China presented the lowest CAPEX, the USA presented the most advantageous operational margins, due to the rise of shale gas and reduction in propane prices. Although China still depends on imported propane from Middle East, being subjected to shortages of supply, a sufficiently large margin between propane and polypropylene prices coupled with lower capital costs explains the number of complexes integrating PDH and Polypropylene production units planned in the country. See more ...
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Technology Economics: Sodium Hypochlorite Chemical Production +
Sodium hypochlorite is the active constituent in chlorine bleach. It is an excellent disinfecting agent that is employed in water treatment, cleaning and laundry operations. Transport and handling safety concerns have direct public opinion towards the use of sodium hypochlorite rather than chlorine gas in water treatment, which represents a significant market expansion potential. In this report, it is reviewed the industrial bleach production through the chlorination of caustic soda by chlorine gas in packed columns. Included in the analysis is an overview of the technology and economics of a widely used process, similar to the employed by Solvay Chemicals. Both the capital investment and the operating costs for plants erected on the US Gulf Coast and Brazil are presented. See more ...
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Conceptual Design: Use of Propylene Splitter to Improve Polypropylene Business +
To become more competitive and to diversify their raw material supplier base, polypropylene plants are constructing propylene/propane splitter units, in order to purify refinery grade propylene into polymer grade propylene. The economic analysis presented in this report is based upon the installation of a propylene purification unit inside a polypropylene plant located in US Gulf, China and Germany. For the first two regions, this was demonstraded to be an attractive opportunity. An analysis of the improvement being installed inside a refinery was also developed, making possible the sell of a more valuable product. See more ...
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Technology Economics: Polypropylene Production via Gas Phase Process, Part 2 +
Polypropylene is one of the most widely used polymers in terms of global demand. The second most usual way to make polypropylene are through gas phase technologies. In this report, the production of homopolymer polypropylene by the use of a fluidized bed polymerization reactor, in a process similar to Lummus Novolen® technology, is reviewed. It is presented a detailed technical and economic evaluation of a unit located in the US Gulf Coast, including a comparison between a stand-alone unit and a facility integrated with a propane dehydrogenation plant, acquiring feedstock at a transfer price, below market average. Propylene elevated market prices in the USA make it unprofitable to operate a stand-alone PP unit in that country. However, when integrated with a propylene production unit, taking advantage of propylene priced below market averages, the unit becomes profitable. See more ...
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Technology Economics: Propylene Production via Propane Dehydrogenation, Part 2 +
The tight propylene market contributed to the rising of new and novel lower-cost chemical processes for on-purpose propylene production technologies, like the Propane Dehydrogenation (PDH) technology. This report analyzes a PDH process similar to the licensed by Lummus CATOFIN®. It is presented a technical and economic evaluation of a unit located on the US Gulf Coast and in China . While China presented the lowest CAPEX, the USA presented the most advantageous operational margins, due to the rise of shale gas and reduction in propane prices. Although China still depends on imported propane from Middle East, being subjected to shortages of supply, the historical operational margins are high enough to explain the number of PDH planned projects in the country. See more ...
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Conceptual Design: Membranes on Polyolefins Plants Vent Recovery +
Gas separation by membranes has acquired increasing importance in the petrochemical industry and is now a relatively well-established unit operation, especially in the monomer recovery of polymer production processes. Considering the current tight monomers market, polymer degassing steps present potential improvement opportunities, through the recovery of vent streams containing monomers. The economic analysis presented in this report is based upon the installation of a membrane-based propylene recovery unit in a polypropylene plant, a unit similar to MTR VaporSep®. Such measure was demonstrated to be attractive in the US Gulf Coast, due to propylene scarcity, which has recently raised its market value. The alternative of using such vent streams as fuel showed to be less interesting, since fuel prices are low, due to natural gas growing offerings. See more ...
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Technology Economics: Polypropylene Production via Gas Phase Process +
Polypropylene is one of the most widely used polymers in terms of global demand. The second most usual way to make polypropylene are through gas phase technologies. In this report, the production of homopolymer polypropylene by the use of a fluidized bed polymerization reactor, in a process similar to Dow UNIPOL™ technology, is reviewed. It is presented a detailed technical and economic evaluation of a unit located in the US Gulf Coast, including a comparison between a stand-alone unit and a facility integrated with a propane dehydrogenation plant, acquiring feedstock at a transfer price. Propylene elevated market prices in the USA make it unprofitable to operate a stand-alone PP unit in that country. However, when integrated with a propylene production unit, taking advantage of propylene priced below market averages, the unit becomes profitable. See more ...
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Technology Economics: Propylene Production via Propane Dehydrogenation +
The tight propylene market contributed to the rising of new and novel lower-cost chemical processes for on-purpose propylene production technologies. Propane Dehydrogenation (PDH) technology is one of the promising processes that arises to fulfill this need. This report analyzes a PDH process similar to UOP Oleflex. It is presented a detailed technical and economic evaluation of a unit located in the US Gulf Coast. Capital investment and the operating costs are also presented for a plant constructed in China. Although China presented the lowest CAPEX, the USA presented the most attractive return of investment, due to the availability of low price propane, obtained from shale gas. The rising number of planned plants as well as a calculated internal rate of return greater than 20 % per year for both regions confirms such trends. See more ...
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Technology Economics: Propylene Production from Methanol +
The tight propylene market contributed to the rising of new and novel lower-cost chemical processes for on-purpose propylene production technologies. Methanol-to-propylene (MTP) technology is one of the promising processes that arises to fullfil this need. This report analyzes a MTP process similar to the ones developed by Lurgi MTP® and JGC/Mitsubishi DTP®. It is presented a detailed technical and economic evaluation of an unit located in the US Gulf Coast. Also, capital investment and the operating costs are presented for a plant constructed in China. While China presented the most attractive return of investment, the USA is also a promising alternative for this technology due to the advent of shale gas, and the consequent low-price natural gas availability. See more ...
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Technology Economics: Propylene Production via Metathesis - Free Sample +
Propylene has its production via metathesis from ethylene and butenes reviewed. This alternative path to the traditional steam cracking or fluid catalyst cracking (FCC) units is one on-purpose method that is becoming increasingly more important in propylene production. The Report provides a process description, flow diagrams and the economics of a process similar to the Lummus OCT process. Both the capital investment and the operating costs are presented for the US Gulf Coast and Germany. See more ...
This study is being offered by Intratec as a free sample, read it online at no cost or request a hardcopy of the report and pay only for printing and shipping costs.
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